Chinese medicine of kidney disease

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  Zhongyao, known as the Chinese traditional medicine, are the special medicines in the history of Chinese medicines. According to the processing technic, the Chinese medicine could be divided as Chinese patent drug and Chinese medicinal crop. The Chinese medicine originates mainly from China. Besides the botanical drugs, there are animal drugs such as snake gall, bear gall, long-noded pit viper, velvet antler and antler, etc; testacean drugs include pearl and the sea clam shell and mineral drugs, for example, keel and magnets, all of which are the Chinese medicine used in treating disease. A few Chinese medicines are from foreign countries, such as American ginseng.

  During thousands of years in battling with disease, the Chinese people have, by means of continuous practices and studies, gradually accumulated abundant medical knowledge. Since there is no character in ancient times, the knowledge inherited only by dictations, afterwards, when the character appeared, knowledge could be recorded and written down, so medical books came up. These books, summing up predecessors’ abundant experiences, play an important part in spreading and inheriting. The Chinese medicines summarize the extremely rich medical experiences and are great contributions to the prosperity of Chinese nation. Since the grass drugs are the majority in the whole medicines, so books recording medicines are called “Materia Medica”. According to textual research, in the Qin and Han Dynasty time, material medica popularized a lot, but these books were already lost and could not be examined. The earliest material medica book we know now is “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”, the author of which is unknown, yet, according to the place written in it, this book was possibly produced by medical experts in Eastern Han Dynasty by revising the predecessors’ medical books.

  “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic” comprises of three volumes with three categories including animal, plant and mineral, and consists of altogether 365 kinds of medicines, under the list, each medicine is recorded including its nature, function and indications, moreover, the basic mediations are described briefly such as, toxic or non-toxic, four properties and five tastes, compatibility methods, medication means, and the such forms of drugs as capsules, bulk, paste and wine, etc. This book is, so to speak, the summary of the Chinese medical knowledge before the Han Dynasty and, it lays a foundation for the later development of medicine. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liang Hongjing(A.D.452-536) in Liang Dynasty, by collecting and adding to “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”, published the book “Materia Medica by Annotations”, which added 365 kinds of drugs used by doctors after Han and Wei Dynasties and also called as “Famous doctor Don’t Record”.

  Under the list of each medicine, not only the previous nature, function and indications were supplemented, but also the medicines’ origin, the collecting time and its processing method was added, which greatly enriched the contents of “Shen Nong’ Herbal Classic”. By the Tang Dynasty, as the development in productivity and the growing connections in outside contacts, in order to meet the demand of new situation, the government appointed Lee Ji and others to take charge of the amendment of the herbal classic annotated by Tao, which is called “Tang Herbal Classic”. Later, the authorities also appointed Su Jing and others to make further amendments. With the increase of 114 kinds of medicines, this book was called as the“New Tang Herbal Classic”, which was issued at Tang Hin Hing years (A.D.659) and valued as the earliest pharmacopeias in China as well as in the world. This book record up to 844 kinds of medicines together with medical legend, and initiate a precedent in combination of graph and text on our country’s herbal books, which not only has an important influence on pharmacology in China, but also makes an important contribution to the development of world medicine along with its spreading over the world soon after its publication.

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