How Does One Get Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis?

• Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis(MPGN) is also named as Mesangial Capillary or Low Complement Nephritis. The clinical characteristic mainly is Nephrotic Syndrome with hematuria, hypertension, renal insufficiency, and persistent Hypocomplementemia in almost half of the patients with MPGN.

  The cause and pathogenesis of MPGN are not clear yet. As the complement level in patients' blood decreases, and there are depositions of immunoglobulin and complements in glomeruli, MPGN is considered to be a kind of glomerulonephritis mediated by immunity at present. And the onset of this disease is mainly related to infection, immune abnormalities, genetic factors, etc.

  1. Infections

  Part of the patients with MPGN often have prodromal history of infection, such as virus, bacteria, and parasitic infections. All these infections can lead to the deposition of immune complexes in kidneys, and can cause kidney damages mediated by complements. At present, most people believe that the first type of MPGN is mainly caused by immune complexes. And the antigens can be exogenous, such as bacteria and virus, and they can be autoantibodies as well. But there is no findings that can indicate that the quantity of immune complexes in blood and the deposition of immune complexes in kidneys have relation with the renal pathological change in patients with MPGN.

  2. Immune abnormalities

  Studies suggest that Hypocomplementemia may occurs to most patients with MPGN, and it is mainly caused by the decrease of complement C3, and the decrease of C1q and C4 in part of the patients. As the main pathological change of the second type of MPGN is the change in glomerular basement membrane, some people believed that the second type is mainly caused by the abnormalities of the complement system. But at present there is no evidence that can prove the abnormalities of complements have relation with the severity of kidney lesions.

  3. Genetic factor

  Genetic factors may also play a certain role in the onset of MPGN. For example, patients with congenital complement deficiency are easy to suffer from MPGN, and in patients with MPGN who are the white race, the occurrence rate of HLA-B8 gene and DR3 gene is higher than that of normal people.

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• TAG: Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Causes

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