Symptoms of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) is a kind of common primary glomerular disease. It is more common in children and teenagers, and male is a little more than female. Children with FSGS mainly present as primary Nephrotic Syndrome, and the common histopathological change mainly is Minimal Change Nephropathy, while adults mainly suffering from Focal Segmental Nephritis, Membranous Nephropathy and Minimal Change Nephropathy.

  Before the onset of FSGS, a few patients have the upper respiratory tract infection or anaphylactic reaction. Clinically, Nephrotic Syndrome is the most common symptom between the first symptoms. About 2/3 of the patients have large quantity of proteinuria and severe edema, and nearly more than 50% of the patients have hematuria, in which microscopic hematuria is more common, and gross hematuria is rarely seen. Among adults, 30%~50% of the patients have mild persistent hypertension or present as chronic nephritis syndrome: the 24 hour urine protein is less than 3.5 g/d, and edema is rarely seen, with other symptoms such as hematuria, hypertension and renal insufficiency, which are commonly seen. More than 50% of the patients present as Nephrotic Syndrome, with obvious clinical manifestations as "Three high one low". Only few patients have no obvious symptoms, and they would find that they have proteinuria by routine urineanalysis occasionally. This kind asymptomatic proteinuria can last for a long time, but the prognosis is good. The condition of few patients of this kind can develop into End-Stage Kidney Failure. The vast majority of proteinuria has no selectivity, but at the early stage it has high degree or moderate selectivity. The clinical manifestations of children with FSGS are similar to those of adults, mainly presenting as Nephrotic Syndrome. And the occurrence of hypertension and renal insufficiency is lower than that of adult. The condition of most patients with FSGS (40%~60%) presents as a chronic progressive progress, and it finally develops into Kidney Failure. The condition of few patients with FSGS(10%~15%) progresses quickly, and it leads to the early occurrence of Kidney Failure.

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