What Are the Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome?

• In modern society, Nephrotic Syndrome(NS) has been a common disease. However, many patients still have such doubt: My body has always been very healthy, how did I get Nephrotic Syndrome? For patients with Nephrotic Syndrome, some of them will show obvious acute symptoms, but in most cases, patients will have no aware of any symptoms. And the patient’s condition will even deteriorate unconsciously. Therefore, there are many patients whose condition deteriorates only because of delayed treatment. Then, what are the causes of Nephrotic Syndrome?

  There are a lot of factors that can lead to Nephrotic Syndrome. And they can be divided into two major categories of primary and secondary.

  I. Primary factors

  The cause of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome is not clear yet, but it relates to the following factors.

  a. Genetic factor

  The morbidity of children with Nephrotic Syndrome in siblings and twins is about 2%~6%. Sharpies (1985) investigated the morbidity of hormone-sensitive children with kidney disease. The children, who are British-born living in the city of Birmingham, are divided into three groups of Asians, Africans and European. It was found that the morbidity of Asians was the highest with an annual morbidity of 16/10 million children, and the morbidity of the other two groups were 2.6/10 million and 3.1/10 million children.

  Feehally (1985) reported the morbidity of children with Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome living in the city of Leicester, England, the morbidity of Asian children was significantly higher than the non-Asian children, and the morbidity respectively is 9.4/10 million children and 1.3/10 million children. The Asian children living in the city of Leicester Asian are mostly Indians who speak Gujarati, and there are also some Punjabi-speaking children who believe in Sikhism or Islam. The author believes that the differences of race and environment are two important factors, which may increase the sensitivity of the attack of Minimal Change Nephritic Syndrome.

  b. Allergic constitution

  Relevant research institutes have carried on a study on the HLA antigen of children with various kidney diseases. It indicates that children with Nephrotic Syndrome who have allergic factors take up 35.3%, while the control group is 6.7%, and it relates to HLA-B40. It has been reported that patients with Nephrotic Syndrome who have allergy take up 40%.

  c. Immune mechanism

  It is widely known that Nephrotic Syndrome relates to humoral immunity, the formation of immune complexes and cellular immunity. Elzouki (1984) reported that the annual morbidity of the Arab children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome was 11.6 million. The higher morbidity may relates to such factors as climate, geography, types of childhood infections, hereditary capacity of Arabs and so on, which may have effects on the immune pathogenesis of kidney disease.

  II. Secondary factors

  a. Infections

  1. Bacterial infections: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Bacterial endocarditis, Shunt nephritis, Syphilis, Leprosy, Chronic pyelonephritis with reflux nephritis.

  2. Virus infections: Hepatitis B, Infectious mononucleosis and Vaccine nephritis.

  3. Parasitic infections: Three-day malaria, Toxoplasmosis, Helminthes.

  b. Medicines

  Poisoning, allergies, organic or inorganic mercury, organic gold, bismuth, silver, penicillamine, heroin, probenecid, trimethadione, bee stings, snake venom, antitoxin or vaccine allergy.

  c. Neoplasm

  Solid tumors: lung, colon, stomach, breast, kidney, thyroid, ovarian and other tumors. Lymphoma and Leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Multiple myeloma.

  d. Metabolic diseases

  Diabetes mellitus and myxedema

  e. Hereditary diseases

  Alport syndrome, Fabry's disease, Nail-patella syndrome, congenital nephrotic syndrome (Finnish type), Familial nephrotic syndrome and Sickle cell anemia.

  f. Other diseases

  25 pregnancy sera disease, Chronic renal transplant rejection, Primary malignant nephrosclerosis, Renal artery stenosis, Chronic ulcerative colitis and others.

  After we have a well understanding of the causes of Nephrotic Syndrome, we can prevent and treat the disease effectively in our daily life.

  Do you have any questions? You can leave a message in the following, or you can describe your symptoms to our expert online free for counseling.Our expert will reply you as soon as possible. Please make sure you have left your correct contact information to us.
  Note: Kidney disease should be treated as soon as possible for enhancing the therapeutic effect and improving your life quality.
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• TAG: Nephrotic Syndrome Causes

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